BI Architect Bill Pearson leads the
hands-on creation of a Stacked Column chart based upon an Analysis Service data
source.
This article focuses upon Stacked Column
charts, and extends the examination of Reporting
Services charts for Analysis Services data sources
that we began in an earlier article of my MSSQL
Server Reporting Services series, Introducing
Reporting Services Charts for Analysis Services. In that
article we summarized the many different chart (or chart
data region) types that are available, and looked ahead to
individual articles surrounding each type, where we would specify details and
real world innovations involving the use of each in reporting Analysis
Services data. We noted that the focus of these related articles,
interspersed among other topics within my MSSQL
Server Reporting Services series over time, would be the design
and creation of Analysis Services chart reports of
various types, and the exploitation of the rich and flexible features contained
in Reporting Services that enable
us to make report data more meaningful, and easier to understand, from the
perspective of our information consumer audiences.
In
many cases, which I try to outline in my articles at appropriate junctures, the
functionality of well-established, but expensive, solutions, such as Cognos (PowerPlay,
Impromptu, and other applications), Business Objects, and myriad
other reporting / OLAP applications can be met in most respects by Reporting
Services at a tiny fraction of the total cost of ownership. And the
flexibility and richness of the chart data regions alone in Reporting
Services exceed, in many ways, the rather fixed options available in other
enterprise reporting solutions.
As I
have repeated in many of my articles in this column, one of the first things
that become clear to early adopters of Reporting Services is that the
knowledgebase for Analysis Services reporting with this tool is, to
say the least, sparse. The vacuum of documentation in this arena, even
taking into consideration the release of several books surrounding Reporting
Services in recent years, continues to represent a serious undersell of Reporting
Services, from an Analysis Services reporting perspective. I hope
to contribute to making this space more accessible for everyone, and to share
my implementation and conversion experiences as the series evolves. In the
meantime, we can rest assured that the Analysis Services potential in Reporting
Services will contribute significantly to the inevitable commoditization of
business intelligence, via the integrated Microsoft BI solution.
Note: For more
information about my MSSQL Server Reporting Services column in general,
see the section entitled About
the MSSQL Server
Reporting Services Series that follows the
conclusion of this article.
Overview
As
we observed in Introducing Reporting Services Charts for Analysis
Services,
Reporting
Services
enables
us to present both summarized and detailed data in colorful, easy-to-read charts of various designs, from
which we can chose the layout and type that best meets any given business
requirement.
Among the
types offered, the Stacked Column chart type is perhaps one of the
most popular. (We introduced the simple Column chart in another article in this
series, Column
Chart for Analysis Services Data.
In
this article, we will introduce the Stacked Column chart type and get some hands-on
exposure to its creation and its general characteristics. This will serve as a
basis for other, more in-depth, practical exercises in coming articles, where
we will extend the value of our chart-enhanced reports in myriad ways.
Among these ways, just for starters, are the capability to format chart and other objects within a
host of options, to drill down to see the details behind the graphical /
numerical summaries, to combine chart reports with other types of
reports, and to access many other options in the powerful Reporting Services tool set.
My objective within this article is to assist the reader in
quickly assembling a report containing a working Stacked Column
chart (relying upon, for instance, already assembled datasets and other
underlying support within an existing sample report), and to move efficiently
into targeted reporting nuances that meet real world needs. While this initial
introduction will focus more on the creation of a Stacked
Column chart, the report
we create will serve as a basis, in prospective articles, to demonstrate more
detailed intricacies that I have found useful in meeting business requirements
of my own clients and readers. The ultimate objective, as is typically the
case within my various series, is to provide hands-on opportunities to learn
overall, start-to-finish procedures, before homing in on specific options of
interest (although we will certainly deal with many of these options in even
our early exercises, as a part of completing the stated objectives of these
sessions).
Introducing Stacked Column Charts for Analysis Services
In
Introducing
Reporting Services Charts for Analysis Services, we learned that the Column chart type is available in the
following variants:
-
Stacked Column
-
Stacked Column
-
100% Stacked
Column
In
this article we will focus upon the Stacked Column variant, although we take
up the other variants within relevant contexts in sister articles of the MSSQL Server Reporting
Services
series.
We noted in our introductory article that Column
charts are typically used to compare values between categories.
In generally describing the type, we observed that the Column chart
presents values and series groups as sets of
vertical columns that are grouped by category. Values,
within the Column chart type, are represented by the height of
the columns (as measured by the y-axis). Category labels are
displayed on the x-axis. By contrast, a Stacked Column chart
displays all series, stacked into a single column, for each category.
The height of each column is determined by the total of all series
values for the respective category.
In this article, we will introduce
the Stacked Column chart data region in detail, and
gain practical exposure to the creation of a basic example of such a chart that
is employed in reporting from an Analysis Services data source. In
introducing the Stacked Column chart, we will:
-
Perform a
brief review of the general Column chart type, discussing its variants
and typical uses;
-
Introduce the Stacked
Column chart variant, comparing and contrasting, where useful, features of
the Stacked Column chart and the simple Column chart types;
-
Open the
sample Report Server project, AdventureWorks Sample Reports, and ascertain
connectivity of its shared Analysis Services data source;
-
Create a clone
of an existing sample Analysis Services report, containing a matrix data
region, with which to launch our overview;
-
Examine the Stacked
Column chart type from the standpoint of the existing report, noting how we
add it to an open report (and thus save time in leveraging existing datasets
and other support structures) in the Layout tab;
-
Modify the
existing primary dataset within the sample report clone, adding a filter
to limit the size of the data presentation;
-
Make
modifications to the report layout to support the stated client reporting
needs and practice session objectives;
-
Create a
complete, working sample of a Stacked Column chart data region, within
the existing report, which will allow us to verify its accuracy and
completeness once we have the chart in place;
-
Examine all
relevant property settings within each of the General, Data,
X Axis, Y Axis, Legend, and 3D Effect tabs;
-
Discuss the
results obtained with the development techniques that we exploit throughout our practice session.
Objective and Business Scenario
In this article, we will
perform a relatively straightforward examination of the Stacked Column chart type, from within
a copy of an existing sample Reporting Services 2005 report that we will
create for this purpose. Our focus will be to create a working Stacked Column
chart, using an Analysis
Services
data source (the
Adventure Works DW sample OLAP database / Adventure Works cube
that accompanies the installation of Reporting Services), while discussing various characteristics
of this chart type as we progress.
We will examine relevant chart properties, and get some initial
hands-on exposure to the manipulation of those properties to support the delivery
of information to meet the needs of a hypothetical group of
organizational information consumers. Other articles within the MSSQL Server Reporting
Services
series will advance beyond the practice session that we undertake here, using
the Stacked Column chart we create as a basis from
which we can concentrate on in-depth procedures and nuances that we can use to
achieve precision in meeting specific requirements, and delivering data
presentation effects, that we might encounter within the environments of our
respective employers and / or clients.
The Business Need
For purposes of our
practice procedure, we will assume that a group of report developers and
analysts, composed of members of the Sales, Marketing, Information
Technology, and other departments of the Adventure Works
organization, have expressed the need to present some of the information displayed
in the existing Sales
Reason Comparisons OLAP
report through a new, Stacked Column chart report. The group has stated that they want to
leverage this conversion process to learn more about the construction and
characteristics of Stacked Column chart reports in general.
Moreover, they assure us that they will extrapolate the techniques they learn
to scenarios where they will design, create and deploy reports of this type in
the future.
Once
we understand the business need, we propose using a copy of the existing Sales Reason Comparisons report (which, among other samples,
accompanies the installation of Reporting Services). Our tandem
objectives here, we explain, are 1) to streamline our procedures (by using existing connections, datasets,
and other structures that are already in place within the pre-existing report),
and 2) to provide a ready means of verifying at least some of the accuracy and
completeness of the new report (a feature that might be useful in initial
report testing). We mention, as an aside, that we can always delete the
existing matrix data region prior to deploying the final report.
Once
we obtain agreement on this approach, we begin the process of creating the Stacked Column chart
report to satisfy the information consumers.
Practice
Our first
objective is to create a copy of the Sales Reason Comparisons sample report, within which we will perform the addition and setup of the Stacked
Column Chart data region, for the reasons noted above. (We typically
work with a similar report copy in articles that are focused on the individual
chart types elsewhere in the series.) We
will perform our practice session from inside the MSSQL Server Business
Intelligence Development Studio. For more exposure to the Business
Intelligence Development Studio itself, and the myriad design, development
and other evolutions we can perform within this powerful interface, see other
articles in this column, as well as within my Database Journal series Introduction
to MSSQL Server Analysis Services. In this article, we will be commenting
only on the features relevant to our immediate practice exercise, to allow us
to keep to the focus of the session more efficiently.
Preparation: Create a Clone Report within the Reporting Services Development Environment
For purposes of our
practice session, we will create a copy of the Sales Reason Comparisons report, one of several samples
that are available with (and installable separately from) the MSSQL Server
2005 integrated business intelligence suite. Making preparatory modifications,
and then making the enhancements to the report to add the functionality that
forms the subject of our lesson, can be done easily within the Business
Intelligence Studio environment. Working with a copy of the report
will allow us the luxury of freely exploring our options, and will leave us with
a working example of the specific approach we took, to which we can refer in
our individual business environments.
Open the Sample Report Server Project
For purposes of our
practice session, we will open the AdventureWorks Sample Reports
project, which contains the sample reports that ship with the Reporting
Services component of the MSSQL Server 2005 suite. We will complete
our practice session within the sample project, so as to save the time required
to set up a development environment from scratch within the Business
Intelligence Development Studio.
To open the AdventureWorks
Sample Reports project, please see the following procedure in the References
section of my articles index:
Ascertain
Connectivity of the Shared Data Source
Lets
ensure we have a working data source. Some of us may be running side-by-side
installations of MSSQL Server 2000 and MSSQL Server 2005. This
means that our installation of the latter will need to be referenced as a server
/ instance combination, versus a server name alone. (The default for
the Adventure Works DW project samples connection is localhost,
which will not work correctly in such a side-by-side installation, as MSSQL
Server 2000 will have assumed the identity of the local PC by default.)
If you do not know how
to ascertain or modify connectivity of the Analysis Services data
source, please perform the steps of the following procedure in the References
section of my articles index:
Create
a Copy of the Sales Reason Comparisons Report
We will begin with a copy
of the Reporting Services 2005 Sales Reason Comparisons OLAP
report, which we will use as a basis for our Stacked Column chart
type practice exercise. Creating
a clone of the report means we can make changes to select components (perhaps
as a part of later exploration with our independent solution), while retaining
the original sample in a pristine state for other purposes, such as using it to
accompany relevant sections of the Books Online, and other documentation.
Such uses may form a part of learning more about Reporting Services
(particularly an OLAP report using an Analysis Services data source),
and other components of the Microsoft integrated business intelligence
solution in general.
If you do not know how
to create a copy of an existing report, please perform the steps of the
following procedure in the References section of my articles index:
With a
clone Analysis Services report file within our Reporting Services
2005 Project, we are ready to begin our hands-on practice session with the Stacked
Column chart type, which we will accomplish in the next section.
Preparation: Modify the Analysis Services Report Clone for Use within Our Practice Session
We will
next make a few modifications to prepare the report for our practice session. Lets open the report clone we
created above in Layout view (for those of us not already there), upon
which we can commence our overview steps.
1.
Right-click DBJ_OLAP_Report.rdl
in the Solution Explorer.
2.
Select Open
from the context menu that appears, as shown in Illustration 1, as
necessary.
Illustration 1: Opening the New Report ...
DBJ_OLAP_Report.rdl
opens in Layout
view.
Filter
the Primary Dataset to Limit the Data Retrieved
First,
we will modify the primary dataset underlying the existing report,
called ProductData. We will simply place a filter on returned
data to limit the size of our ultimate report to two (versus four) Calendar
Years activity.
1.
Click the Data
tab.
2.
Ensure that
the ProductData dataset appears within the data selector.
3.
On the Metadata
tab, within the pane that appears under the dataset selector (which now
indicates ProductData), expand the Date dimension by clicking the
+ sign to its immediate left.
4.
Expand the Calendar
folder that appears underneath the newly expanded Date dimension.
5.
Click the Date.Calendar
Year hierarchy to select it.
6.
Drag the Date.Calendar
Year hierarchy to the Query pane, dropping it to the immediate left
of the Sales Reason column that is already in place.
The Query
pane, with the newly added Calendar Year column, appears as partially
presented in Illustration 2.
Illustration 2: The Query Pane with the Newly Added Column (Partial View)
7.
Click the Edit
Selected Dataset (...) button to the immediate right of the Dataset
selector, as depicted (circled) in Illustration 3.
Illustration 3: Editing the Dataset ...
The
multi-tabbed Dataset dialog opens.
8.
Click the Filters
tab.
9.
In the first
row of the Filters box, within the leftmost Expression column,
select =Fields!Calendar_Year.Value, as shown in Illustration 4.
Illustration 4: Select =Fields!Calendar_Year.Value in the Expression Column ...
10.
In the Operator
column (to the immediate right of the Expression column), select the >=
operator.
11.
Type (or cut
and paste) the following into the Value column (to the immediate right
of the Value column):
="CY 2003"
Because
we are stating that we want only Calendar Years greater than or equal
to CY 2003, we know we will retrieve only two years data into
the dataset (the Adventure Works cube contains Calendar Years 2001 through
2004).
The Filters
tab of the Dataset dialog appears as presented in Illustration 5.
Illustration 5: The Filters Tab of the Dataset Dialog with Our Additions ...
12.
Click OK
to accept our addition, and to dismiss the Dataset dialog.
Modify
the Report Layout to Accommodate Our Focus
Next,
we will make some changes to the report layout to more easily accommodate the
focus of our practice session. We will start with a larger report canvas.
1.
Click the Layout
tab atop the Report Designer.
2.
Click the report
body at some point below the matrix data region that is in place.
The Body
bar assumes the focus (becomes darker). Body also appears in the Properties
pane (by default to the lower right of the design environment). The point
here is to ascertain that the report body is, indeed, selected.
3.
Pass the cursor
over the lower edge of the report body, until it becomes a two-headed
arrow.
4.
Enlarge the
report canvas to about the 3-1/2 point on the scale on the left side of
the Layout tab, stretching it downward to create empty space below the matrix
data region on the report body, as depicted in Illustration 6.
Illustration 6: Stretch the Canvas Downward to Create Empty Space in the Report Body
Because,
from this point, we will be performing procedures that relate only to the chart
type with which we are working in this article, and because we create similar
files for different chart types in other articles, lets rename the .rdl file
to clearly associate it with this article and the Stacked Column chart type.
5.
Select File
from the main menu.
6.
Select Save
DBJ_OLAP_Report.rdl As ....
7.
Type the
following into the File name box of the Save File As box that
appears next:
RS063_Stacked_Column_Chart
8.
Click the Save
button in the lower right corner of the Save File As box.
The Save
File As box is dismissed and we see the new name appear in the Solution
Explorer. We are now ready to begin the procedural section of our practice
session.
Procedure: Create a Stacked Column Chart within the Report
Add a Chart Control to the Report Canvas
At
this point, we will place
the Chart item from the Report Items listed within the Toolbox
pane (the position of which is defaulted to the left of the Layout tab).
Once the general
control is placed on the report canvas, we will adjust it, setting properties
as appropriate to meet the report specifications.
1.
Select View
from the main menu.
2.
Select Toolbox from the menu, which appears as partially shown in Illustration 7, to place
the Toolbox within easy reach (if it already appears, simply disregard
this step).
Illustration 7: Calling the Toolbox to View (Partial View Menu Shown)
The toolbox
window should appear similar to that depicted in Illustration 8. Mine
is pinned to the upper left corner of the design environment, where I find it
most convenient. This is, of course, subject to your own choice. (Note also
that I dock my Fields and Server Explorer panes in this area to
maximize design real estate, as an aside.)
Illustration 8: The Toolbox, Pinned to the Upper Left Corner of the Design Environment
3.
Click the Chart
item (at the bottom of the Toolbox Report Items pane).
The
cursor becomes a small chart icon in combination with crosshairs when held
above the layout. This indicates that we can click to anchor the point, from
which we wish to draw the box that the chart will inhabit.
4.
Click on the
canvas, below the existing matrix, approximately as shown in Illustration 9.
Illustration 9: Placing the Chart Selection onto the Report Campus ...
The chart item appears, in its generic manifestation,
as depicted in Illustration 10.
Illustration 10: The Generic Chart Item Appears
NOTE: Should you accidentally place or drop the chart item
into a position that is not satisfactory, you can simply move the item by clicking
inside the chart item, then pointing to the now shaded border of the chart
item, to drag it to a new location.
Clicking again on the border will also allow you to expand /
contract the chart shape. (The nuances are easy to learn with a little
practice.) Double-clicking the chart item will make the drop regions,
seen above, appear.
5.
Pass the
cursor over the left border of the chart item, until it becomes a four-arrow
icon.
6.
Click and drag
the chart item to the left side of the report canvas.
7.
Pass the
cursor over the right border, and over the small square that appears about
midway down the right side, until the cursor becomes a double-headed arrow.
8.
Click and drag
the right border of the chart item, widening the chart (along with the
underlying canvas) to approximately the 11
point on the ruler appearing atop the Layout tab.
9.
Pass the
cursor over the bottom border, and over the small square that appears about
midway along the bottom side, until the cursor becomes a double-headed arrow,
once again.
10.
Click and drag
the bottom border of the chart item, heightening the chart (along with
the underlying canvas) to approximately the 8
point on the ruler appearing along the left of the Layout tab.
The
chart item is now in place, and we are ready to specify its Stacked Column chart nature, as
well as to populate it with the primary dataset that is already in place.
Populate the Stacked Column Chart item to Meet the Business Requirements
While our
next steps might focus upon simply dragging fields from the Fields pane
of the Report Designer, we will populate our chart from inside the
multi-tabbed Chart Properties dialog. Because few charts I encounter in
the business environment can be built completely through the drag-and-drop
process anyway (expressions are often involved in combination with the date
fields, as an example), I long ago developed the habit of working from the Properties
dialog. (The practice of tabbing through the Properties dialog can
often remind us of other settings we need to make, additional options that are
available in meeting client / employer needs, and so forth, as an another
benefit.)
11.
Right-click
the generic chart item.
12.
Select Properties
from the context menu that appears, as shown in Illustration 11.
Illustration 11: Select Properties from the Context Menu ...
The Properties dialog appears, defaulted to the General
tab, where we will begin our examination of the chart properties in the subsections
that follow.
General Tab
1.
Type the
following into the Title box on the General tab:
Sales Reason Comparisons
2.
Click the
Style button, depicted (and also magnified) within the respective red
squares in Illustration 12, to the immediate right of the Title
box.
Illustration 12: Click the Style Button for the Title Box ...
The Style
Properties dialog box appears.
3.
Make the
settings, listed in Table 1 below, within the Style Properties
dialog box:
Property
|
|
Setting
|
|
|
|
Family
|
|
Arial
|
Size
|
|
12pt
|
Style
|
|
Italic
|
Weight
|
|
Bold
|
Color
|
|
Black
|
Decoration
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Table 1: Style Properties Dialog
The Style
Properties dialog appears, with our settings, as shown in Illustration 13.
Illustration 13: Style Properties Dialog Box with Settings
4.
Click OK
to accept changes and to exit the Style Properties dialog box.
We return
to the General tab.
5.
Ensure that Column
is selected in the Chart type selection list.
6.
Ensure that
the middle selection, Stacked Column chart, is highlighted) among the context-sensitive
Chart sub-type selections to the immediate right of the Chart type
selection list.
7.
Click the Chart
Area Style... button, which appears in the bottom left corner of the General
tab.
We can
manipulate settings for chart borders and lines via the Borders and Lines
tab, depicted with default settings in Illustration 14.
Illustration 14: Style Properties Dialog Box Border and Line Tab (with Default Settings)
8.
Click the
Fill tab to expose the chart Fill settings, which appear (with
defaults) as shown in Illustration 15.
Illustration 15: Style Properties Dialog Box Fill Tab (with Default Settings)
9.
Click the
OK button at the bottom of the Style Properties... dialog, to dismiss
the dialog with all properties settings at default.
We return
to the General tab, once again.
10.
Click the
Plot Area Style... button, which appears to the immediate right of the Chart
Area Style... button at the bottom of the General tab.
The
two-tabbed Style Properties dialog that appears is identical to that
which we saw when we clicked the Chart Area Style... button in the
immediately preceding steps. Since we will be leaving these settings, too, at
their defaults, we will dismiss the Style Properties dialog at this
point.
11.
Click the
OK button at the bottom of the Style Properties dialog, to dismiss
the dialog with all properties settings at default.
We return
to the General tab, once again, which appears, with our settings, as
depicted in Illustration 16.
Illustration 16: Chart Properties Dialog Box General Tab with Our Settings
We will
move to the Data tab in the subsection that follows.
Data Tab
1.
Click the Data
tab.
2.
Using the
downward pointing arrow on the right side of the Dataset name box atop
the Data tab, display and select the ProductData dataset, as
shown in Illustration 17.
Illustration 17: Select the ProductData Dataset ...
3.
Click the Add...
button to the right of the Values list box, found immediately underneath
the Dataset name selector we populated above.
The
values in a Value series determine the height of the columns in
that series. Value labels appear on the y-axis (we will examine
format settings for these in our subsection on the Y Axis tab below).
Each Value series appears as individual columns.
The Edit
Chart Value dialog appears, defaulted to the Values tab.
4.
Type the
following into the Series label box, atop the Values tab:
Internet Sales
5.
Click the function
(fx) button to the right of the Value box, depicted within
a circle in Illustration 18.
Illustration 18: Click the Function Button for the Value Box ...
The Expression
Editor opens.
6.
Click the Fields
(ProductData) option in the bottom left corner pane of the Expression
Editor.
The field
values of the ProductData dataset appear within the pane to the bottom
right of the Expression Editor.
7.
Double-click Internet_Sales_Amount
to place this selection into the main pane atop the Expression Editor.
The Expression
Editor appears, with our input, as shown in Illustration 19.
Illustration 19: The Expression Editor with Our Input ...
8.
Click OK to
accept our input and to dismiss the Expression Editor.
We are
returned to the Edit Chart Value dialog, which appears with our input as
depicted in Illustration 20.
Illustration 20: The Edit Chart Value Dialog, with Our Input...
9.
Click the Appearance
tab on the Edit Chart Value dialog.
10.
Click the Series
Style... button in the lower left corner of the Appearance tab.
The dual
tabbed Style Properties dialog appears again, just as it did
for the Chart Area Style... and Plot Area Style... buttons we
examined earlier. We see the same Border and Line and Fill tabs,
which we will leave at default at this point.
11.
Click OK
to dismiss the Style Properties dialog, and to return to the Appearance
tab of the Edit Chart Value dialog.
12.
Click the Point
Labels tab on the Edit Chart Value dialog.
13.
Click the
check box to the immediate left of Show point labels atop the Point
Labels tab.
14.
Click the
downward pointing arrow to the right of the Data label box to display
data selection options.
15.
Select =Fields!Internet_Sales_Amount.Value
from the options, as shown in Illustration 21.
Illustration 21: Select =Fields!Internet_Sales_Amount.Value as the Data Label ...
16.
Within the Format
code box (just underneath the Data label selector) type the
following character pattern:
#,###
17.
Uncheck the
Auto checkbox to the right of the Format code box.
18.
Leaving other
settings at default, click the Label Style ... button immediately
underneath the Angle setting.
The Style Properties dialog box appears.
19.
Make the
settings, listed in Table 2 below, within the Style Properties
dialog box:
Property
|
|
Setting
|
|
|
|
Family
|
|
Arial
|
Size
|
|
8pt
|
Style
|
|
Normal
|
Weight
|
|
Normal
|
Color
|
|
Red
|
Decoration
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Table 2: Style Properties Dialog
The Style
Properties dialog appears, with our settings, as depicted in Illustration
22.
Illustration 22: Style Properties Dialog Box with Settings
20.
Click OK
to accept settings.
The Style
Properties box closes. We return to the Edit Chart Value dialog
box, which now appears as shown in Illustration 23.
Illustration 23: The Edit Chart Value Dialog Box, with Our Input
21.
Click the Action
tab of the Edit Chart Value dialog.
Here we
can define Hyperlink actions, including Jump to report, Jump
to bookmark, or Jump to URL. We will not be working with a
drillthrough scenario in this practice session, and so will leave undisturbed
the default setting of None, as depicted in Illustration 24.
Illustration 24: The Action Tab of the Edit Chart Value Dialog Box
22.
Click the Data
Output tab of the Edit Chart Value dialog.
The Data
Output tab affords us a means of defining XML data output options
for the values in the chart. We will not leverage these capabilities within
this introduction to Stacked Column charts, and will therefore
leave the settings of the Data Output tab at their defaults, as shown in
Illustration 25.
Illustration 25: The Data Output Tab with Default Settings
23.
Click the
OK button at the bottom of the Edit Chart Value dialog, to dismiss
the dialog with our settings.
We are
returned to the Data tab of the Chart Properties dialog. Next we
will work with the Category groups area of the tab, just under
the Values area. Categories are displayed as columns or groups
of columns on the X-axis. Multiple groups are nested, as we shall
see within our current practice example.
24.
Click the Add...
button to the right of the Category groups list box, found
immediately underneath the Values list box with which we worked above.
The Grouping
and Sorting Properties dialog appears, defaulted to the General tab.
25.
Type (or cut
and paste) the following into the Name box, atop the General tab:
chart1_Cat1_Year
26.
Click the top
row of the Expression box within the Group on section that
appears just underneath the Name box, to enable the selector button (the
downward-pointing arrow) on the right side of the box.
27.
Select =Fields!Calendar_Year.Value
from the options that appear, as depicted in Illustration 26.
Illustration 26: Select =Fields!Calendar_Year.Value in the Top Row of the Expression List ...
As we
have no input for the Filters or Data Output tabs (which resemble
their counterparts in other areas of the Report Designer, as we have,
and shall, see), within the context of this newly added group, and as we intend
to leave the Sorting at the settings naturally found within the cube
structure (the Calendar Years will sort in numerical order), we will
accept our input at this stage.
The Grouping
and Sorting Properties dialog (General tab) appears, with our
modifications, as shown in Illustration 27.
Illustration 27: The Grouping and Sorting Properties Dialog with Our Modifications
28.
Click the
OK button at the bottom of the Grouping and Sorting Properties
dialog, to save our settings and to dismiss the dialog.
We are
returned to the Data tab of the Chart Properties dialog. Next we
will add another Category group to our report.
29.
Click the Add...
button to the right of the Category groups list box, just as we
did before.
The Grouping
and Sorting Properties dialog appears, once again, defaulted to the General
tab.
30.
Type the
following into the Name box, atop the General tab:
chart1_Cat2_Territory
31.
Click the top
row of the Expression box within the Group on section, once
again, to enable the selector button (the downward-pointing arrow) on the right
side of the box.
32.
Select =Fields!Sales_Territory_Group.Value
from the options that appear, as depicted in Illustration 28.
Illustration 28: Select =Fields!Sales_Territory_Group.Value in the Top Row of the Expression List ...
The Grouping
and Sorting Properties dialog appears, with our modifications, as shown in Illustration
29.
Illustration 29: The Grouping and Sorting Properties Dialog with Our Modifications
As we
have no input for the Filters or Data Output tabs within the
context of this newly added group, and as we intend to leave the Sorting
at the settings naturally found within the cube structure (the Territory
Groups will sort in natural, alphabetical order), we will accept our input
at this stage, just as we did with the previously added Category group, chart1_Cat1_Year.
33.
Click the
OK button at the bottom of the Grouping and Sorting Properties
dialog, to save our settings and to dismiss the dialog.
We are returned to the Data tab of the Chart
Properties dialog, once again. Our next step will be to add another group
this time a Series group. A Stacked
Column chart displays all series, stacked into a single column
for each respective category to which they relate. The height of each column
is determined by the total of all series values for the category
involved. Each series is also
displayed in the chart legend.
At this point, we will add a Series group to
contain the Sales Reason (Manufacturer, On Promotion, Price,
etc.) that is associated with the grouped Internet Sales totals that the
report will present.
34.
Click the Add...
button to the right of the Series groups list box, much as we did
in making our two Category groups entries earlier.
The Grouping
and Sorting Properties dialog appears, once again, defaulted to the General
tab.
35.
Type (or cut
and paste) the following into the Name box, atop the General tab:
chart1_Series1_Reason
36.
Click the top
row of the Expression box within the Group on section, yet again,
to enable the selector button (the downward-pointing arrow) on the right side
of the box.
37.
Select =Fields!Sales_Reason.Value
from the options that appear, as depicted in Illustration 30.
Illustration 30: Select =Fields!Sales_Reason.Value in the Top Row of the Expression List ...
The Grouping
and Sorting Properties dialog appears, with our modifications, as shown in Illustration
31.
Illustration 31: The Grouping and Sorting Properties Dialog with Our Modifications
Because
we again have no input for the Filters or Data Output tabs within
the context of this newly added group, and as we intend to leave the Sorting
at the settings naturally found within the cube structure (the Sales Reasons,
too, will sort in natural, alphabetical order), we will accept our input at
this stage, just as we did with the previously added Category groups, chart1_Cat1_Year
and chart1_Cat2_Territory.
38.
Click the
OK button at the bottom of the Grouping and Sorting Properties
dialog, to save our settings and to dismiss the dialog.
39.
We return to
the Data tab, once again, which appears, with our Values, Category
groups, and Series groups settings, as depicted in Illustration 32.
Illustration 32: Chart Properties Dialog Box Data Tab with Our Settings
We will
move to the X Axis tab in the subsection that follows.
X Axis Tab
We advise
our client colleagues that the labels assigned to the groups that we created
earlier will suffice to address the visual x-axis, and that we therefore
need only to deal with the labels settings (we can leave the Title and
other settings at default).
2.
Ensure that
the Show labels checkbox is checked.
3.
Click the
Style button to the immediate right of the blank Format code box.
The Style
Properties dialog box appears, once again.
4.
Make the
settings, listed in Table 3 below, within the Style Properties
dialog box:
Property
|
|
Setting
|
|
|
|
Family
|
|
Arial
|
Size
|
|
9pt
|
Style
|
|
Normal
|
Weight
|
|
Normal
|
Color
|
|
Black
|
Decoration
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Table 3: Style Properties Dialog
The Style
Properties dialog appears, with our settings, as shown in Illustration 33.
Illustration 33: Style Properties Dialog Box with Settings
5.
Click OK
to accept changes and to exit the Style Properties dialog box.
We return
to the X Axis tab, once again, where we will leave all else at default.
The X Axis tab appears, with our settings, as depicted in Illustration
34.
Illustration 34: Chart Properties Dialog Box X Axis Tab with Our Settings
We will
move to the Y Axis tab in the next subsection.
Y Axis Tab
We propose
doing a little more adjustment to the default settings in the Y Axis
tab than we witnessed in its X Axis counterpart in the section above.
These modifications will be primarily in the interest of presentation
compactness and clarity.
2.
Type ( or cut
and paste) the following into the Title box on the tab:
="Total Internet "& vbcrlf &" Sales" &""
Here we
are adding the title Total Internet Sales, using the vbcrlf
keyword within the expression to force the word Sales into a
second row of the title, so that the title takes up less vertical space.
3.
Click the
Style button to the immediate right of the Title box.
The Style
Properties dialog box appears, as we have seen in earlier sections.
4.
Make the
settings, listed in Table 4 below, within the Style Properties
dialog box:
Property
|
|
Setting
|
|
|
|
Family
|
|
Arial
|
Size
|
|
9pt
|
Style
|
|
Normal
|
Weight
|
|
Normal
|
Color
|
|
Black
|
Decoration
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Table 4: Style Properties Dialog
The Style
Properties dialog appears, with our settings, as shown in Illustration 35.
Illustration 35: Style Properties Dialog Box with Settings
5.
Click OK
to accept changes and to exit the Style Properties dialog box.
We return
to the Y Axis tab.
6.
Ensure that
the Show labels checkbox is checked.
7.
Type the
following into the Format code box:
#,###
8.
Click the
Style button to the immediate right of the newly occupied Format code
box.
The Style
Properties dialog box appears, once again.
9.
Make the
settings, listed in Table 5 below, within the Style Properties
dialog box:
Property
|
|
Setting
|
|
|
|
Family
|
|
Arial
|
Size
|
|
9pt
|
Style
|
|
Normal
|
Weight
|
|
Normal
|
Color
|
|
Black
|
Decoration
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Table 5: Style Properties Dialog
The Style
Properties dialog appears, with our settings, as depicted in Illustration
36.
Illustration 36: Style Properties Dialog Box with Settings
10.
Click OK
to accept changes and to exit the Style Properties dialog box.
We return
to the Y Axis tab, once again, where we will leave all else at default.
The Y Axis tab appears, with our settings, as shown in Illustration 37.
Illustration 37: Y Axis Properties Dialog Box General Tab with Our Settings
We will
move to the Legend tab next.
Legend Tab
We advise
our client colleagues that, since the default position for the legend is
to the right of the chart area, and since our Stacked Column chart
may be wider than expected, due to its nature and the amount of data we are
presenting, placing the legend underneath the chart will offer another
means of compressing the overall presentation.
2.
Ensure that
the Show legend checkbox is checked, in the upper left corner of the
tab.
3.
Ensure that
the Column radio button is selected, in the upper left corner of the
tab.
4.
Click the
bottom middle button underneath the Position selection diagram, to align
the Legend box underneath the Column chart area.
5.
Click the Legend
Style button that appears immediately beneath the checkbox labeled Display
legend inside plot area (ensure that the box remains unchecked).
The Style
Properties dialog box appears, defaulted to the Font tab.
6.
Make the settings,
listed in Table 6 below, within the Font tab of the Style
Properties dialog box:
Property
|
|
Setting
|
|
|
|
Family
|
|
Arial
|
Size
|
|
9pt
|
Style
|
|
Normal
|
Weight
|
|
Normal
|
Color
|
|
Black
|
Decoration
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Table 6: Style Properties Dialog Font Tab
The Font
tab of the Style Properties dialog appears, with our settings, as
depicted in Illustration 38.
Illustration 38: Font Tab of the Style Properties Dialog Box, with Settings
We note
the presence of the Border and Line and Fill tabs, but we will
leave the settings within each at default, at this point.
7.
Click OK
to accept changes, and to exit the Style Properties dialog box.
We return
to the Legend tab, once again, where we will leave all else at default.
The Legend tab appears, with our settings, as shown in Illustration 39.
Illustration 39: Chart Properties Dialog Box Legend Tab with Our Settings
We will
move to the 3D Effect tab in the next subsection.
3D Effect Tab
1.
Click the 3D
Effect tab.
We inform our client colleagues that the 3D Effect tab
offers us a means of transforming the ordinarily flat appearance of our Column
chart to a highly customizable, three dimensional presentation. Here we
can enable 3-D visual effects (via the checkbox to the immediate left of
the Display chart with 3-D visual effect label). The four variables
that we can manipulate are:
-
Horizontal
rotation
-
Perspective
-
Wall thickness
-
Vertical
rotation
Once 3-D visual effects are enabled, a slider
becomes enabled for each of these variables, which we can move to adjust each
variable until we achieve just the degree of readability we desire within the
chart.
We will
leave the settings of the 3D Effect tab at default at this point. The 3D
Effect tab appears, with default settings, as depicted in Illustration 40.
Illustration 40: Chart Properties Dialog Box 3D Effect Tab with Our Settings
We will examine
the final remaining tab, Filters, in the next subsection.
Filters Tab
1.
Click the Filters
tab.
The Filters tab is but one option we have, within Reporting
Services, to filter the data that is displayed within our chart. We advise
our client colleagues that we performed all desired filtering at the dataset
level earlier within our practice session. When this is adequate (that is,
when we can afford to filter at the dataset level for the entire report)
we may achieve performance gains at report runtime, due to the overall
retrieval of less data from the Analysis Services data source. But, we
caution the client representatives, due consideration should be given to the
various points at which we can filter within a given report, to ascertain that
we optimize performance while retaining complete and accurate information for
presentation.
The Filters tab allows us to choose either dataset
columns or expressions to filter data at the chart level. This tab might
make sense as a filter point if we were, say, using multiple data regions
(charts, matrices, tables, lists, or a combination of these, perhaps) that were
sharing the same common dataset(s), but where each region had different
filtering requirements and needed to present different subsets of data from the
underlying dataset(s). Whatever our needs, Reporting Services,
once again, offers flexibility in ways to meet the challenges involved.
The Filters
tab appears, with default settings, as shown in Illustration 41.
Illustration 41: Chart Properties Dialog Box Filters Tab with Our Settings
2.
Click OK
to accept all the settings we have made in the multi-tabbed Chart Properties
dialog box.
The Chart Properties dialog closes,
returning us to the placeholder chart item in Report Designer, Layout tab. We will conclude our practice session in the next section,
where we will verify the operation of our new Stacked Column chart.
Verify Operation of the Stacked Column Chart item
Lets ascertain the
accuracy and completeness of our construction efforts. We will execute the
report with the following steps:
1.
Click the Preview
tab, to the right of the Layout tab, atop the design surface.
2.
Select Bikes
within the Product Category report parameter picklist, as depicted in Illustration
42.
Illustration 42: Select Bikes as the Product Category ...
3.
Click the View
Report button.
The new report
generates, displaying both the original matrix and new Column
chart data regions.
4.
Scroll down,
as required to focus upon the new Stacked Column chart
data region.
The new Stacked
Column chart appears as shown in Illustration 43.
Illustration 43: The Stacked Column Chart Report, Preview Tab
We can
easily verify the displayed Stacked Column chart totals against
the matrix data region (by adding together each of the two years totals
for any given Territory Group / Sales Reason, and comparing that
total to the corresponding total in the matrix data region).
Our Stacked
Column chart meets the expressed business requirements and demonstrates
many details surrounding its property settings. The client representatives
express satisfaction with our efforts, and state that, with a few cosmetic
changes (including the removal of the existing matrix data region; the
subsequent realignment of the Stacked Column chart on the canvas; and conditional
font formatting, perhaps, to make the font color vary with the background
colors of the respective stacks, so as to make the values easier to
read in cases where the currently fixed font color is too similar to
that of the respective stack), the report will be ready for deployment
to the targeted information consumer group. Moreover, they assure us that the
details they have examined within the practical exercise we have undertaken can
be extrapolated to their creation efforts of other Stacked Column charts.
5.
Experiment
further with the report, if desired.
6.
When finished
with the report, click the Layout tab.
7.
Select File
-> Save RS063_Stacked_Column_Chart.rdl
As ... to save our
work, up to this point, to a location where it can be easily accessed for later
reference.
As we
can see from our examination above, Reporting Services offers a wide
range of options for Stacked Column chart creation and manipulation to
assist us in the delivery of information within the business environment. We extend our examination of chart
types, specifically examining each type, together with the properties and
methods we can manipulate for the precise presentations we seek to be able to
deliver, in other articles of this series.
9.
Select File
-> Exit to leave the design environment,
when ready (saving as desired), and to close the Business Intelligence Development
Studio.
Conclusion
In this article, we
performed a relatively straightforward examination of the Reporting Services Stacked Column
chart type, from within a copy of an existing sample Reporting Services
2005 report that we created for this purpose. Our focus, as we stated in
the introduction, was to create a basic, working Column chart, using an Analysis Services data source (the Adventure Works DW sample
OLAP database / Adventure Works cube that accompanies the installation
of Reporting Services), and to discuss various characteristics of the Column chart
type as we progressed.
We examined relevant chart properties, and got some
hands-on exposure to the manipulation of those properties to support the
delivery of information to meet the needs of a hypothetical group of
organizational information consumers. We noted that this article might serve as a basis for
other, more advanced articles within the MSSQL Server Reporting
Services
series, from which we use the Stacked Column chart we created here as a
platform from which to concentrate on in-depth procedures and nuances that we
can use to achieve precision in meeting specific requirements and data
presentation effects that we might deliver in the business environment.
About the MSSQL Server Reporting Services
Series ...
This
article is a member of the series MSSQL Server Reporting Services. This monthly column is designed
to introduce MSSQL Server Reporting Services (Reporting Services),
presenting an overview of its features, with tips and techniques for real-world
use. For more information on the series in general, please see my initial Database Journal article, A New Paradigm for Enterprise Reporting.
»
See All Articles by Columnist William E. Pearson, III